The burrowing owl, (Athene cunicularia) also known as the ground owl, has long been part of the landscape and rich heritage of the prairies. However, like many prairie species, the burrowing owl is in trouble. Many ranchers and farmers remember these small owls lining the fence posts but, within their lifetimes, they have seen the owls' population decline dramatically. These owls are a part of the prairie ecosystem which has experienced dramatic changes due to the increased pressure to convert native prairie for agricultural, urban and industrial use. Burrowing owls are classified as an "endangered" species which means that they are facing imminent extirpation (no longer found in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere) or complete extinction.
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Contrary to their name, burrowing owls don't dig their own holes, but nest deep within abandoned gopher (Richardson's ground squirrel) and badger burrows. Burrowing owls only stand about 25 cm (10") tall and are sometimes characterized as a "fat meadowlark." Their mottled brown and light patterned feathers blend in nicely with the prairie landscape. Adult owls have brown streaking on their breasts while young owls have white or creamy coloured underparts. They have the typical large owl head and eyes, but lack the large facial disk found on some of their cousins. Their short stubby tail and long, thin almost bare legs are the best identifying features.
In Southern Alberta, burrowing owls are found in the flat, open treeless areas that define the prairie. They are usually found loafing at the entrance to their burrows during the day or perched on such objects as fence posts, rocks, or power poles. They often share pastures with grazing animals, such as cattle, and need areas of short grass immediately around the burrow. Areas of tall grass within a 600m radius of the burrow could create good habitat for the mice and voles that are an important source of food for the owls.
The ultimate reason for the decline of the burrowing owl is not clearly understood but intensified land use is believed to be a major cause. The pressure towards intensified land use (agricultural, industrial and urban) has resulted the fragmentation and loss of habitat. This may result in increased predation, lower productivity from reduced hunting success and a greater chance of collision with vehicles. Pesticide use is also a suspected threat. The migration route and wintering areas are as yet unknown but these little owls may travel all the way to Mexico. While additional factors may be threatening the owl over winter and during migration, considering what we know about the factors effecting the owl in Canada, we have a lot of work to do here at home.
Since the majority of Burrowing owls nest on private lands, it is landowners who can be the key players in the owls' conservation and recovery. Many landowners are motivated to protect owls on their land, for their ability to eat their weight in grasshoppers every day, as well as to save the appealing little birds for enjoyment in future years.
In the Operation Burrowing Owl program, landowners who agree to protect burrowing owls and owl habitat on their land receive a yard sign, pin, annual newsletter with up-to-date information and recognition of their valuable contribution to a healthy ecosystem. In return, it is asked that the current burrowing owl nesting area is not disturbed. Landowners are also encouraged not to spray certain chemicals too close to the burrows. Agreements are completely voluntary and can be cancelled at any time.
For more information contact:
Operation Grassland Community
Box 1644
Brooks, AB
Canada T1R 1C5
Phone: (403) 362-1400
Fax: (403) 362-6206
Email: dscobie@eid.awinc.com
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